Data Driven Modelling of the Dynamic Wake between Two Wind Turbines

Wind turbines in a wind farm, influence each other through the wind flow. Downwind turbines are in the wake of upwind turbines and the wind speed experienced at downwind turbines is hence a function of the wind speeds at upwind turbines but also the momentum extracted from the wind by the upwind turbine. This paper establishes flow models relating the wind speeds at turbines in a farm. So far, research in this area has been mainly based on first principles static models and the data driven modelling done has not included the loading of the upwind turbine and its impact on the wind speed downwind. This paper is the first where modern commercial mega watt turbines are used for data driven modelling including the upwind turbine loading by changing power reference. Obtaining the necessary data is difficult and data is therefore limited. A simple dynamic extension to the Jensen wake model is tested without much success. The best model turns out to be non linear with upwind turbine loading and wind speed as inputs. Using a transformation of these inputs it is possible to obtain a linear model and use well proven system identification methods. Finally it is shown that including the upwind wind direction to explain the wake improve the prediction performance.